![]() Identify the anatomical features of a bone.The periosteum covers the entire outer surface except where the epiphyses meet other bones to form joints.By the end of this section, you will be able to: Tendons and ligaments also attach to bones at the periosteum. The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone. The outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane called the periosteum (peri - = “around” or “surrounding”). ![]() The medullary cavity has a delicate membranous lining called the endosteum (endo- = “inside” oste- = “bone”), where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur. When the bone stops growing in early adulthood (approximately 18–21 years), the cartilage is replaced by osseous tissue and the epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line. Each epiphysis meets the diaphysis at the metaphysis, the narrow area that contains the epiphyseal plate (growth plate), a layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone. Red marrow fills the spaces in the spongy bone. The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis (plural = epiphyses), which is filled with spongy bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone.Ībove: Diagram illustrating the anatomy of a long bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. \)Ī long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
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